Sheet-metal piling.



e g (4 5 014mm mum No.8'77,008. PATENTED-JAN. 21, 1908.

P; W. SKINNER. SHEET METAL FILING.

APPLICATION FILED AUG 12, 1905.

2 SHEETSSHEET 1.

WITNESSLS No. 877,008. PATENTBD JAN. 21, 1908.

P. W. SKINNE SHEET METAL PI. ms.

2- ou APPLICATION FILED we J 2 SHEMSHMMY I:

WHNESSES @Awmlco @(wmun mwy UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK W. SKINNER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

SHEET-METAL FILING.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 21, 1 908.

Application filed August 12. 1905- Serial No- 273810.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK W. SKINNER, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of New Brighton, borough of Richmond, city of New York, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Sheet-Metal Piling, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in center line in pairs, and with or without lock joints, as conditions render preferable. If the sheet piling is not stiff enough drive without backing, then it will be driven with' spacing blocks, driving bars or cores, or both, between. After they are driven the blocks, bars or cores are successively removed and the space thus vacated is filled with concrete, puddle or other material, after which the sheet piles may be left in position or may be removed. Under some conditions it will suffice to drive plain flat plates without vertical loekedjomts, and these or other forms of sheet piles may be bent at the bottom so as to form, if desirable, a horizontal or inclined floor to the spare between the rows of sheet piles. The cores or driving bars may be of any shape and have a square, pointed or beveled lower end, and may be made to conform to the surfaces of the sheet piles or in contact with them, and I may provide the peripheries of said cores or driving bars with grooves .or ribs to decrease frictional surface and facilitate their withdrawal. If the piles are thin, the external pressure on them may tend to cause their collapse, distortion or displacement after the removal of the cores or driving bars, and to prevent this 1 provide a counter pressure by injecting water or any other material, as grout; etc, into the bottom of the space and filling it as fast as the core is withdrawn. in the case ofthe first pile driven this liquid may be injected throl'lgh a longitudinal hole in the core, in other cases, if the s ace adjacent to this core has already been filled, it will only be necessary to fill more water into such s ace from the top, and it will of course fill t e cavity beneath the core as fast as the core is withdrawn. Afterwards, at convenience, concrete is deposited in the space, displacing the water or other liquid, and forming, when set a continuous cofler dam or wall which may be easily reinforced with any desired system ofsteel bars or other strengthening device put in place before theconcrete has set. After the concrete has set the piles which formed the mold may be removed, if conditions favor removal,-.or may be left in place if that is preferable.

The invention is as applicable as above stated to the casewhere the piles'form a closed cell, as to that where they form parallel lines not necessarily connected by cross piles, and the drawings accordingly illustrate both arrangements, and show several of the constructions embodying the invention, which finay be built as circumstances require and it will be evident that the numerous other constructions may be adapted which equally embody that essential invention, those illustrated being selected from many, as useful examples,

The units of piling may be connected together by the spring locks, which are described and claimed in my other application for Letters Patent, filed in the United States Patent Office, Serial N umber 272,465, and in the case of large piles both the shell antlthe driving.

Referring to the zontal and Fig. 2 a vertical section of a double wall of sheet piling with removable cores. Fig. 3 is a horizontal and Fig. 4 a broken vertical section of a round'hollowpile j with a removable core having ribbed or grooved periphery and a filling orifice, and g Fig. 5 is a plug for closing the lower end of the l pile. Fig. 6 is a horizontal and Fi 7 a brokenvertical section of a similar pil e, but 3 with substantially square form. Fig. 8 is a l horizontal section of a rectangular pile pro- 1 vided with a similar core and with lock joints for connection with other piles. Figs. 9, l0 and 11 illustrate various sectional piles and cores; showing constructions which are especially adapted to large piles: Fig. 9 showing a substantially square pile constructed of two core may be made in sections to facilitate drawings which accom-. pany the specification, Figure 1 1s a hori-- heath will be filled with water or other suitport the pics united by spring three parts illustratin In Figs; 1

. tially parallel lines 10, 11 of sheet piles, stiffcried and spaced apart by rigid cores '12.,

The piling is shown as constructed withlap joints, the cores 12 being recessed for the inner-lappingends of the sheet piles, "and as clearly indicated, and said cores'l2 also being groyided with longitudinal filling orifices 1%.."

egthe peripheries of said cores 12- are,

I shown fiat in the drawings, they may be to reduce frictional surface,

- After, the said coresthe said spaces may be filled ,with'concrete, grout, puddle,

ends,

'' suitable manner,

plo ed to close the oriii grooved like the core. shown in other-figures and will usually be greased to further facilitate their withdrawal. Said cores 12 will usually. be withdrawn as each unit is driven. As the core is gradually Withdrawn. the vacant space beable material. admitted through said filling orifice 14, or from the adj acentspace, to resist external pressures, which might collapse the piling'ii the said space were. left unfilled. have been withdrawn,

or any other suitable material and. i can manifestly form the sheetpiling. 10, llflwithout the bent up or contracted lower but with straight or slightly outwardly flaring sides so as to be capable[ of withdra wal after the concrete; fillingv has set. Thereby withdrawingsaid sheet pilesl leave in the ground concrete piles'without metal shells.

Figs. 3 and illustratea circular. pile with one-piece perforated cores ribbed or rooved to surface friction. The pi e 18 in one-piece may have ariveted lap joint 19 as shown, or the joint canbe made in any other as contracted at rovided wi 11 bent up internal flanges 20, 21 orming spaces to receivethe annular lower end of the core 23. A plug26 may basin-- lower end of the filling ce 24. .The, manner of'usin and withthe lower end and there drawing the core. temporarily-fil ing the iile with. water antlithen with a final filler, will be plain from the; fore oing description of the pilingillustrated in igs. 1 and 2.

The square pileof Figs. 6 and 7 has a shell 28 in onelece with lap joint ,and'a one piece perforate pile is formed with a'jointcd sheet metal cap core29, but the lower end of the 31,:iitting the end of the said core. The mahnor of using this pile will be evident from the description of other figures herein contained.

Fig. 8 illustrates a pile provided with one the projecting ends and the pile is represented" form of 111 spring ,loc for connection with other p or structures. Two of the lock joints are illustrated as constructed by riveting near 34, 35 of the sheet pile 33, the resilient curved plates 37, 38,thereby forming Serial Num- Two other similarlocks are formed byriveting curved plates," 46, 41, to their respective ends of the plate 43, which plate is riveted to one side of thesaid pile 33; of

course l'may provide more or'less thaniour lock joints on the pile, and other forms of the locks shown in my said application, Serial Number 272,465 might be employed. Since the manner of constructing and using the said spring lock'joints are fully. set forth in my said application and said joints are not specifically a part of the present invention, 1 do not herein furtherdescribe them. The; core 45 is provided with the filling orifice 46,

and-has a ribbed or'groovedferiphery to diminish; friction when with core.

Fig. 9 shows a .rawing said.

substantially square pile having a sectional sheet metal shell composed oltwo pieces, 57, 61 respectively united by double spring friction lock joints, each of which consists of the curved female members 58, 59, with which interlock the curved male spring lock joii1t,-'viz my sinigle one form of the locks described and claimed in,- my said application, her-272,465;

members 60. The core is shown in two sections 62, 63 .united by the longitudinal dovetails and grooves 64, 65, and eaohsection maybe provided with a filling orifice 66. The peripheries of. said sections 62, 63 may be fiat'a's shown, or maybe ooved or cut away to diminish frictionQ- ter such a pile is driven the sections, which mayhavebeen greased, 'can be drawn up one by one, thus greatly} diminishing the power re uired. to withdraw the core. After the core as been withdrawn the pile may be filled with con; crete, grout, or an other suitable material, and during the wit idrawal of the sections of the core the space filled with waternthrough the orifice 66, in the manner hereinbefore described in connection with the other figures of the drawings.

Fig.- 10 illustrates a sectional pile, in which theshell islfor'med of four. pieces cs, cs, 70, 71 respectively,

united by single'spring joints, each female members 73,, 74,1'espect1vely,

thereby left vacant may be lock comp'osed'of the ou'ter'and inner and the 1 interlocking male members 76. The corebfi'j this pile is also made of four'sections 79, 80, 81, 82 respectively, united together by longitudinalklove'tails and grooves; tively.

2 To diminish friction between the 'core and. shell the peripheries of the sections ofthe core may be cut away at 86, 8.7, 88, 89 respectively, or may be grooved, or both. Each sectionof core may be provided. with a filling orifice 83, and the inner corner oit' each 84, 85 respecsaid section may be formed on an arc of a quarter circle, so that when the cores are put together a central filling orifice 90, will be produced.

Fig. 11 shows a pile in general similar to i that of Fig. 13, but with the shell and'core each composed of three sections, respectively indicated by 9], 92, 93 and by JG, 9?, 98. The spring lock joints, dovetails and grooves of the core sections and filling orifices are similar to those of the pile illustrated in Fig. 10.

One section of the shell of a sectional pile, together with its section of the core will be driven at a time, the next section of shell and core being then connected therewith and driven. The sections of the shell will be re movably connected to their corresponding core sections in any suitable manner, as by removable bolts at the top, and bent up ends being clear from description heretofore given of Figs. 1 to 7 inclusive. In some cases, also, where the nature of the ground permits, as in clayey soils, it may be desirable to drive a sectional pile or core without a shell, and to afterward remove the said pile or core, filling the cavity in the ground with concrete, grout or other material for a permanent pile,

permanent pile, and I consider my present invention to cover all such cases.

in some cases, it will be well to insertskeleton spacing blocks, 100. between the sheet piles, 1d], 102 to support the piling when the cores are withdrawn. The is then pumped out, and the concrete, grout, or other permanent filling material is then put in, and, as it'is, the spacing blocks are gradually raised, being completely withdrawn whenthe piling is full of the permanent filling material. 01 the spacing blocks may be left permanently in position with or without other iilling.

Now having described my improvements, I claim as my invention.

l. .A unitof piling having a sheet meta shell and a longitudinally perforated rigid removable core within said shell, substantially as described.

2. Piling consisting of a plurality of sections each of which is composed of sheet metal with a removable section of a core,substantially as described.

3. The combination of ahollow shell and a rigid. non-expansible sectional core therefor adapted to be driven with said shell and removed after the shell is driven, substantially as described.

4. A pile consisting of a shell composed of sections locks to unite said sections, and a rigid non-expansible removable core, substantially as described.

5. The combination in piling of a sheet metal shell, and a rigid removable non-col lapsible core provided with a filling orifice adapted to fill said shell as the coreis re- 1noved, substantially as described.

6. In piling, the combination of a cellular pile adapted to be permanently left in the ground, and a temporary liquid filling thereof the shell at the bottom, the construction for, substantially as described.

7. In piling, the combination of a cellular pile consisting of a shell adapted to be permanently left in the ground, and a temporary filling of grout therefor, substantially as described.

8. The combination of a sheet pile, and a plurality of rigid removable nonsexpansible driving bars therefor, substantially as deor column; and in certain other cases it may 1 be desirable to leave said sectional core or pile in the ground to constitute'ol' itself the water 1 scribed.

9. The combination of a sheet pile, removable rigid non-expansible driving bars therefor, and devices for temporarily connecting the driving bars and the piles, substantially as described.

10. In piling, a sectional core composed of units adapted to be separately driven and.

withdrawn, substantially as described.

11. In piling, a sectional core composedot' interlocking units, substantially as described.

12. A sectional core for piling composed of a plurality of rigid non-expansible units, substantially as described.

13; A sectional core'for piling composed of a plurality of units adapted to engage each ot ier with longitudinal sliding joints, substantially as described.

Signed at New York city this 11 day of August, 1905.

FRANK W. SKINNER.

Vitnesses: Y

IIENRY H. DE Vos, HENRY V. BROWN. 

